
It seems like every celebrity on the planet has been promoting this miracle drink on social media.
Okay, that’s an exaggeration – but there really has been a lot of coconut water drinking recently.
All of the interest has grown the industry substantially, and coconut water now earns $40 to $60 million each year (1).
But, just how magical is this drink really and are there any real benefits of coconut water?
Certainly, claims about coconut water are all over the place and it’s hard to work out what is real and what isn’t.
Some people view it as this fantastic, nutrition packed drink and that there are significant coconut water benefits for your health.
Others say that it is no better than simply drinking water.
So, how do these myths compare to reality?
Well, that’s what we’re about to find out.
But, before we do that, let’s start with a little background.
The term coconut refers to the species Cocos nucifera, which is a member of the palm family.
Technically, the word coconut can be used to refer to the tree itself, as well as the fruit. However, most of the time, coconut refers to the fruit.
As you may have seen, the coconut tree grows large and can be close to 100 feet high (2), although there is considerable variation.
Botanically, the fruit of the coconut tree is considered to be a drupe, which is a specific type of fruit (a nectarine is another example).

This liquid is most significant when the coconut is in its earlier stages of development. As the coconut matures, nutrients are pulled from this liquid into the flesh of the coconut.
There’s actually a few different products that come from coconut, and this can get a bit confusing.
- Coconut Water: The liquid from inside the coconut. Like water itself, this liquid is clear.
- Coconut Milk: This liquid comes from the grated meat/flesh of brown coconuts. It is milky and tends to have a rich taste along with high oil content.
- Coconut Oil: This is an edible oil extracted from coconut kernels or the flesh of the coconut.
Because of the way that nutrients are pulled from the liquid in coconuts as they mature, the most nutrient-rich coconut water comes from green coconuts (i.e. coconuts that are not fully mature).
This is the time where coconuts consist mostly of water and have very little flesh.
This is also when coconut water has the best taste and is enjoyable straight from the coconut without the need for any added flavorings.
In contrast, as the coconut ages, the water tends to become acidic and isn’t so palatable, while the amount of flesh in the coconut also significantly increase.
Despite this, some companies that produce coconut water use water from mature coconuts, as a way to save money.
They will often add in flavorings and sweetener to try and mask the acidic taste of the mature coconut.

Technically speaking coconut water is a form of fruit juice, even though it is rarely called that.
However, there are also some pretty major differences between coconut water and most other juices, especially as coconut water is not as high in sugar or as sweet.
This makes it more viable to drink frequently than most other types of fruit juice.
Coconut water also has a history as a medicine.
For example, within Sri Lanka, coconut tends to be consumed daily and there are many references to medicinal uses of coconut water (3).
In modern times, the popularity of coconut products, including coconut water, coconut milk and coconut oil have made coconuts a popular resource and they are produced in more than 90 countries.
Coconut palms grow best in moist climates and when produced in dry climates they need substantial amounts of irrigation.
The image below shows the top ten countries producing coconuts in 2013. Data for the image comes from FAOSTAT.
Because of this, many companies producing coconut water in the United States rely on coconuts from the Philippines or from Indonesia.
See Our Recommended Coconut Water
Coconut Water for Dehydration

Part of the concept is that coconut water has many more nutrients than water itself while also being low in calories and free from cholesterol.
Coconut water also tends to be sweet and nutty, making it a good option for people who like the taste.
While coconut water does have sugars and calories, it contains much fewer calories than most sports drinks. This can make it very appealing for people looking to lose weight.
In some ways, coconut water is superior to sports drinks, but it is also a very different product with its own strengths and weaknesses.
A Word about Sodium
One of coconut water’s claims to fame is being low in sodium compared to most sports drinks.
This is largely true, although it is very brand specific. For example, the image below compares four brands of coconut water and two sports drinks in terms of the amount of sodium per 100ml (Data from 4,5,6,7,8,9).
As you can see, for most brands, coconut water is lower in sodium.
It’s a strange claim though.
Yes, sports drinks are high in sodium. That is actually the point.
People drink sports drinks for all sorts of reasons and they can be really unhealthy if you do that.

Additionally, the sodium in coconut water is still concerning.
If you are drinking it as a sports drink after exercise, then yes, sodium is important.
However, if you are having it as a casual drink, sodium is much less desirable.
The current guideline for sodium intake is 2,300mg per day for adults, although some groups should be consuming even less sodium. Yet, on average, Americans consume around 3,400mg of sodium per day (10).
Too much sodium in the diet can increase blood pressure, which is a risk factor for a number of other diseases (11).
Now, if you are healthy and eat well, too much sodium probably isn’t something to worry about.
But, for much of the population, excess sodium is a cause for concern. In fact, many people are already supposed to be on sodium restricted diets (12).
What the sodium in coconut water means to you will depend on your own needs and whether sodium intake is something you need to moderate.
Regardless, it is something that you should be aware of.
See Our Recommended Coconut Water
Is Coconut Water Better Than Sports Drinks?
There is certainly a lot of hype around the idea of coconut water as a sports drink.
Sports drinks play a few different roles.
They offer a quick source of energy during and after exercise, and they also offer a way to rehydrate following exercise.
Intensive exercise can also be challenging for the body, and sports drinks play a role in helping the body to repair.
The sodium and electrolytes present in sports water play a key role in helping it to achieve this goal.
Research indicates that coconut water can hydrate people effectively after exercise, but the study noted little difference between the four liquids that were provided. The image below shows the outcomes of the study for plasma osmolality after exercise (which offers an indication of rehydration).
The overall outcome of the study was that for most measures there were no significant differences between the four different liquids.
However, the study did note that coconut water was more likely to cause stomach upset than the bottled water or sports drink (13). This may have occurred because of the coconut water or simply because participants would have been more familiar with water and sports drinks.
A second study found similar outcomes in a group of eight participants (14).
The outcomes of the studies do suggest that it can play an effective hydration role, but it is no better than other options.
However, the low calories in the beverage are counterproductive when it comes to exercise.
The higher calories of sports drink help to provide athletes with energy, which is important during exercise.
As such, coconut water is effective at hydration, but not at any other roles that sports drinks play. In fact, coconut water companies have been forced to stop claiming that they are better than sports drinks (15).
It also isn’t any better for hydrating than water or sports drinks are.

Most athletes wouldn’t seriously use coconut water because of its lower sodium content, and the lower calorie content also doesn’t help.
Yet, there are so many people who say that coconut water is so much better.
In fact, I’ve even come across sites that emphasize how much more potassium coconut water has compared to sports drinks.
Um… yay?
Sports drinks don’t have much potassium because potassium doesn’t have that much to do with rehydrating.
Sure, potassium is an important nutrient, but that really isn’t relevant to the comparison.
As a Casual Drink
Coconut water may still be valuable as a casual drink because it is less sweet that other fruit juices and contains significantly fewer calories.
Indeed, the 100ml serving that I mentioned earlier has just 19 calories.
Of course, plain water is a healthier option in terms of calories, but then, it always is, isn’t it?
Coconut water does offer a nice alternative if you want something different than plain water, as long as you keep an eye on your sodium intake.
Likewise, it can offer a good way to get hydrated, especially as the sodium can play a role in helping you to retain water.
Coconut water can help with dehydration, but no more so than water or sports drinks
Coconut Water Health Claims
So, what can coconut water do for health and what can’t it do?
Certainly, the hype behind coconut water is too good to be true, but does that mean that coconut water is entirely useless?
Coconut Water, Blood Pressure and Heart Disease

Research has also supported this perspective.
For example, one experimental study placed 28 participants with hypertension into four groups, each of which received a different treatment.
The treatments were:
- Water (the control)
- Coconut water
- Mauby
- Coconut water and mauby
The study showed that the group receiving coconut water experienced a significant decrease in blood pressure compared to the control.
However, an even larger decrease was observed in the group that was given mauby and the coconut water (16).
An animal study also considered the impacts of coconut water on hypertension (high blood pressure).
In this study, the authors used a fructose diet to instigate hypertension in the rats and tested the impacts of treatment with coconut water.
The authors found that treating with coconut water did successfully reverse high blood pressure in the animals (17).
Another study looked at the role of coconut water in protecting the heart specifically.

The author found that coconut water did affect a number of risk factors for cardiovascular issues. Additionally, the rats fed coconut water showed improved recovery (18).
The authors argued that the observed outcomes were the result of a range of factors in the coconut water, including magnesium, calcium, potassium and L-arginine.
Overall, the evidence for coconut water decreasing blood pressure and improving cardiovascular health overall are limited.
The studies on the topic are relatively few, and many of these have used small sample sizes, which limits their ability to detect effects.
This means that coconut water may decrease blood pressure in some populations, but this effect will not necessarily be the same for all people.
Additionally, a number of the studies have used animal models.
While animal models can offer valuable information about the potential health impacts of a given compound, animal models are also limited. Specifically, the differences between animals and people mean that many of the observed effects may not hold true for humans.
The idea that coconut water may decrease blood pressure is strongly related to the potassium present. Now, coconut water does have a relatively high level of potassium and many people don’t get enough potassium in their diet (19,20).
Likewise, potassium does play a role in reducing the risk of heart disease and blood pressure. This role is well-known, and it’s one of the reason that potassium is such an important nutrient (21).
So, if you are deficient in potassium, coconut water might be useful.

In the four brands I looked at, the potassium content averaged somewhere between 15% and 20% of the recommended intake of potassium per day for a serving size.
The nutrition labels use 3,500mg as the value for daily potassium intake, so 20% of this is somewhere around 700mg of potassium per serving.
This does make coconut water a relatively decent source of potassium, but there are other good sources too (22).
Early research suggests that coconut water can help reduce blood pressure, but much more research is needed
As an Antioxidant
Modern interest in antioxidants has been strong.
Antioxidants are promoted as having a number of positive health impacts, including protecting the body from disease development and improving overall health (23).
This occurs because antioxidants are able to protect against oxidation within cells.
Fruits and vegetables have been found to be particularly strong sources of antioxidants and suggested as important ways of promoting health (24).
There is considerable variation in the antioxidant activities of different fruits and vegetables, but antioxidant activities may be one reason for the observed benefits of coconut water (25).

For example, one study argued that the protective role that coconut water exhibits in regards to heart attacks is the result of its role as an antioxidant (28).
Another similar study showed antioxidant effects of coconut water in rats with induced liver damage (29).
These outcomes illustrate that coconut water may potentially decrease oxidative stress in rats.
Research also suggests that more than one component of coconut water may be responsible for the observed antioxidant impacts (30).
The antioxidant properties of coconut water may lead to positive health impacts, including anti-aging impacts (in accordance with the free radical theory of aging). Despite this, very little research has been done on the antioxidant outcomes of coconut water and most studies have been conducted in animals.
It is also important to note that while coconut water does have antioxidant activity, it is relatively low compared to a large range of other fruits, such as strawberries, plums, lemons and bananas (31).
These factors suggest that coconut water is an antioxidant, and may help health. However, the benefits from coconut water antioxidants are probably not as strong as advocates claim.
See Our Recommended Coconut Water
Coconut water is an antioxidant, although other fruits and vegetables are better antioxidants
Diarrhea-related Dehydration
Coconut water has been suggested as a treatment for children with dehydration from diarrhea – however, the evidence for this use has been limited.
One study suggested that it might form a valuable role for children who are well-nourished and are not dehydrated (suggesting that coconut water might prevent dehydration, but not help children recover from it) (32).
Yet, another study indicated that coconut water did not have the necessary chemical composition to act as a rehydration solution (33).
Even if coconut water did work for this role, there are multiple other liquids that are more effective and more commonly used as a rehydration agent.
The evidence for coconut water rehydrating after diarrhea is almost nonexistent
Other Health Impacts
When people talk about the benefits of coconut water, the potential for coconut water to influence cholesterol is often overlooked.
Yet, research has suggested that coconut water might be able to improve cholesterol ratios in the blood.
One animal study exampled this topic looking at rats on a high-cholesterol diet.
The cholesterol-based diet increased the overall cholesterol as well as levels of LDL and VLDL cholesterol (low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein, respectively).
However, the coconut water was able to improve the outcomes from the high cholesterol diet (34).
An extension of that research indicated that the cholesterol-lowering properties of the coconut was were similar to the drug lovastatin (a statin), which is used for a similar purpose (35).
While this outcome is promising, it is still preliminary and much more research is needed.
But, the need to lower cholesterol is actually a highly divisive topic, and as I show in my post on the cholesterol controversy, there really isn’t that much evidence that lowering cholesterol is beneficial.

This offers little indication of whether similar cholesterol lowering impacts would be seen in humans. While effects observed in animals do often apply to humans, this is not always the case.
An animal study also indicated that coconut water may play a role in countering high levels of blood glucose, suggesting a relevance for people with diabetes.
The study found that providing rats with coconut water orally for a period of 45 days was able to significantly reduce blood sugar (36).
Once again, more research is needed to determine just how accurate and relevant this outcome is.
Interestingly, that particular study focused on the potential benefits of coconut water from mature coconuts, rather than green (or tender) coconuts.
Coconut water may help lower cholesterol and blood sugar, but it is too soon to know
Rich in Natural Vitamins
The claim that coconut water is ‘rich in natural vitamins’ is a very common one. For example, one site makes the following claim:
Sounds great, right?
Coconut water does have a significant number of vitamins and minerals, but the claims are still a bit misleading.
For example, below is a breakdown for some of the key nutrients for a serving size of four brands of coconut water (the serving size for ZICO was 11.2 fl oz and around 8 fl oz for the other brands).
In fact, the only compound other than those four present in a decent proportion was sodium, and we talked about that one earlier.
Of these four compounds, the only really high number is vitamin C for ZICO Natural. That number isn’t even accurate because the vitamin C is an added ingredient for that brand.
Out of the rest of the nutrients, the only one that really stands out is potassium. Most of us don’t get enough potassium, so yes, this is certainly a good thing.
However, I personally wouldn’t say coconut water has a high amount of potassium when it’s less than 20% of the daily intake.
The other numbers are even lower. On average, coconut water has less than 5% of the recommended intake of calcium and magnesium. That isn’t a rich nutritional profile at all.
You would have to be taking a lot of coconut water to get anywhere near the recommended daily levels. If you did that, you would also be getting pretty close to the daily intake of sodium (which isn’t ideal).
There are also small amounts of other amino acids, minerals and vitamins in coconut water, but again, they aren’t spectacular (37).
In reality, aside from potassium, the vitamin and mineral profile of coconut water is pretty limited.
Coconut water is a good source of potassium, but that’s about it
Is Coconut Water Worth It?

Research does suggest that there may be some health benefits, and the water does have some nutrients, even if the levels are nowhere near the hype.
Likewise, coconut water may help to improve cardiovascular health and help to lower blood pressure.
Like any food or drink, you should have coconut water in moderation.
Despite its low-calorie count, coconut water is still relatively high in sugars.
The calories can also add up if you are drinking multiple servings of coconut water in a day, which many people do.
Additionally, the sodium in coconut water really is significant.
This might not be an issue for one or two servings, but again, if you are having coconut water frequently, the sodium is something you have to be aware of.
See Our Recommended Coconut Water
It can be a nice drink and source of potassium, but coconut water is not a health tonic
Actually Using Coconut Water
The most obvious choice with coconut water is drinking it as a beverage, either from the coconut itself or from a glass.
But, that isn’t appealing to everyone.
In fact, despite the apparent popularity of coconut water, there is also a lot of debate about its taste.
Many people aren’t particularly keen on the taste of coconut water, especially the kind that comes in packets (versus actual coconut).
There is no single best way to use coconut water.
So, if you don’t like the taste of coconut water itself, have a look at some alternative ways of getting the benefits of coconut water.
Coconut Water Smoothies

They are a great way of getting healthy nutrients into your diet and there is so much flexibility in the recipes that you use.
Some recipes will highlight the taste of certain ingredients (like coconut water) while others will bury the taste altogether (which works well if you don’t actually like the taste of coconut).
One of the simplest approaches is to simply start off with a recipe that you like the sound of and tweak it over time until you get something that you find personally appealing.
A great trick for making coconut water smoothies is to freeze the coconut water. This essentially gives you coconut water ice cubes, which can be used instead of normal ice cubes to give a smoothie texture.
Alternatively (or additionally) you can use frozen fruit.
For example, here are three very different recipes for coconut water smoothies:
Banana, Mango, Strawberry and Coconut
- 1 tablespoon raw honey
- 2 medium-sized bananas
- 1 cup strawberries
- 1 mango
- ½ cup (or so) Greek yogurt
- 10-15 coconut water ice cubes
Watermelon Coconut Smoothie
- ½ lime worth of juice
- 10-15 coconut water ice cubes
- 2 cups watermelon
- 2 mint leaves (optional)
Basic Coconut Water Smoothie
- 2 cups coconut water
- 2 cups frozen fruit (e.g. frozen strawberries or mixed frozen fruit)
Alternatively, you could use fresh fruit and frozen coconut water, the outcome is roughly the same. You can find another recipe at the site Around My Family Table.
Coconut Water Kefir

Kefir itself is a fermented milk product. It is thought to be particularly good for health because of the large number of probiotics present (38).
Coconut water kefir is a bit different, as it doesn’t use milk, but it is still a fermented product and can be quite a tasty one.
There is a good recipe for coconut water kefir at the site Phickle and the site itself offers a strong introduction to the overall idea of fermenting.
Cooking
Coconut water can also be used in a number of different recipes.
For example, you can use coconut water instead of normal water when making soups or when boiling rice.
If you aren’t confident about trying that, you can always use half coconut water and half normal water. The site Hello Glow also offers a list of 25 coconut water recipes that you can try.
See Our Recommended Coconut Water
Coconut water has a range of uses, including in smoothies, kefir and cooking
Where to Buy Coconut Water (and how to choose the best)
In terms of health, the absolute best option for coconut water is to go completely natural.
By that I mean buying fresh young coconuts and having the coconut water directly from these.
You can also sometimes find these as ‘white’ coconuts. These are essentially green coconuts, but their skin has been trimmed to make them a bit lighter and smaller for shipping.
A secondary advantage is that this leaves you with the coconut flesh, which you can then use as a dessert.

Certainly, some brands are better than others and have less additives or processing.
The most obvious place to buy coconut water is from the grocery store, but often the brands from grocery stores aren’t all that great.
Some of the more specialized grocery stores are a better choice, such as Whole Foods and Trader Joes. These often focus on healthier foods overall and foods with less additives.
Health food stores or online sites are also good options for where to buy coconut water. While online sites don’t always specialize in health foods, they have a huge selection and it is much easier to compare brands that way.
Things to Watch Out For
With any health craze, there are some manufacturers that try to make as much profit as possible and they’re often misleading in the process.
Because of this, some products promoted as natural coconut water don’t even get close to their marketing.
Source of Coconuts
Coconuts are grown in many different parts of the world, and the source of the coconuts can affect the overall taste of the product.
Some of this difference is due to the processing approaches used, but most of this difference comes from the coconuts themselves, such as the variety of coconut, the growing conditions and the soil.

Another source is Indonesia, and these tend to have the sweetness of coconuts from Thailand.
People vary in which coconut source they prefer, but if you keep an eye on where coconuts are sourced from, you can quickly get a sense of your own personal preference.
The Type of Coconut
Coconut water tends to come from young green coconuts – and for good reason.
Using young coconuts makes the coconut water sweet, and that’s also why the water tastes so good.
However, some companies try to take shortcuts by using mature coconuts. This can be much cheaper for the company, but not so good for the consumer.

Essentially, if you were to drink the juice from a mature coconut, you would be getting a watered down version of normal coconut juice. The juice also tends to taste more acidic, which isn’t exactly appealing.
This creates another major issue.
When companies use mature coconuts they have to add flavors and sweeteners just to make it taste good.
This tends to make the coconut water much less healthy.
In general, you will find that coconut water with additives comes from mature coconuts, while coconut water without the additives is from the younger coconuts.
Either way, picking coconut water without flavoring or sweeteners is certainly the way to go.
Coconut Water from Concentrate
As with most fruit juices, some companies make drinks that are made up of coconut water from concentrate.
In many cases, the companies will also use terms like ‘100% coconut water’, ‘pure’ or ‘natural’ to describe their product.
Those terms imply that the product really is just coconut water, but the phrases are actually marketing tricks – and they are largely meaningless.
In the same way as other juice concentrates, coconut water concentrate is created by heating coconut water and reducing it to a syrup. This syrup is then easier and less expensive to ship, which can save the company money.
Then, all they have to do is add water back to the product before they sell it.
Additionally, there is also the potential for juice made from concentrate to have other additives in it, especially as the ingredients label doesn’t have to give this information.

Thankfully, figuring out whether coconut water is from concentrate or not is easy, as companies do have to put this information on their labels.
Pasteurization
One of the major challenges with food is the balance between longevity and health.
With coconut water, as with most other food products, some companies favor one approach, while others favor a different one.
For example, coconut water is perishable and should be kept cold ideally.
Yet, most versions of coconut water in stores aren’t kept in cold areas.
This can be done because of the pasteurization process. Pasteurization involves heating up the coconut water to kill the bacteria in it.
Unfortunately, the process of heating up solids or liquids can sometimes change their chemical composition. In the case of coconut water, most of the nutrients do remain the same, but some of the volatile components do change (39). This may affect the nutrition of coconut water.
Additionally, many people argue that the process of pasteurization negatively affects the flavor of coconut water.
The best approach to take is to find coconut water that hasn’t been pasteurized. However, this can be difficult to do.

Of course, finding coconut water that has used HPP can be challenging.
There is also an additional issue.
The FDA does not actually consider HPP to be an adequate method of pasteurization on its own.
Instead, companies are also required to significantly decrease the pH of their product. Doing so involves adding other ingredients, like citrus extract.
At present, there are some brands that offer raw coconut water, but the FDA is cracking down on these brands, so they may not be around for that much longer (40).
See Our Recommended Coconut Water
The best coconut water comes from green coconuts, is not from concentrate, has no additives and is not pasteurized in high heat
Picking the Best Coconut Water Brands
Coconut water is a heavily marketing product and that marketing doesn’t always stand up to reality.
Nevertheless, even pasteurized coconut water offers some potential health benefits.
After all, it is considerably less processed than most drinks on the market and many brands avoid added ingredients.
When it comes to coconut water brands, you are really looking at three things: the nutrition, the price and the taste.
Finding a good balance can be tricky, but some brands are certainly better than others.

This means that a brand might taste good for a while and then the taste changes significantly.
Most of the time, the package labelling won’t change, so you might get a sudden surprise when you try a brand.
This also means being careful when reading reviews of a product’s taste. Positive reviews from 2011, for example, don’t necessarily mean that the product tastes good now.
As is always the case, people vary considerably in their opinions about taste.
So, some people may love a specific brand, while others find it difficult to stomach.
Ultimately, the best indication of whether you will like the taste of a particular product is taking the time to try it out yourself.
Best Brands
The best brands are the ones that offer raw coconut water that isn’t from concentrate.
I am highlighting a few common ones in this post, but there are also others, including some that are only available locally.
These brands do offer the best benefits of coconut water, but be warned, they often have a hefty price tag.
Exotic Superfoods
This brand is certified organic and offers raw coconut water. The coconut water has never been heated, although (unusually) it is sold frozen.
Harmless Harvest
This brand offers raw organic coconut water, so it’s as close to the real thing as you are going to get.
The taste also seems to be popular, with most reviewers loving it. In fact, the main negative Amazon reviews were from people complaining about the price, not the product (as it is cheaper at stores like Trader Joes and Whole Foods).
The taste combined with the nutrition of this brand makes it a very good choice.
However, the price does make this a challenging choice. In stores, the brand ranges from $3 to $5 for a 16oz bottle and the bottles are even more expensive online.
Vita Coconut
This is another brand that uses natural coconut water with nothing added and no heat pasterization.
It is also doesn’t use any GMOs and the brand is organic.



Diarrhea-related Dehydration


